The Xn User plane (Xn-U) interface is defined between two NG-RAN nodes. The transport network layer is built on IP transport and GTP-U is used on top of UDP/IP to carry the user plane PDUs. ... The Xn control plane interface (Xn-C) is defined between two NG-RAN nodes.

What is an interface in 5G?

In LTE networks, X2 and S1 interface are defined as an interfaces between RAN nodes and between RAN and Core Network. 5G is expect to operate in two modes as non -standalone and standalone mode of operation. ... Interface between RAN Node as X2/Xn. Interface between RAN and Core Network as S1/NG.

What is X2 interface?

X2 interface. A point-to-point logical interface between two eNodeBs with the E-UTRAN. It supports the exchange of signaling information between two eNodeBs and supports the forwarding of protocol data units (PDUs) to the respective tunnel endpoints. X2 Application Protocol (X2AP) Protocol used by the X2 interface.

What is the interface between two 5G base stations?

The air interface between the gNB and user equipment (UE) has been named the new radio (NR). However, the interface between the ng-eNB and UE remains the same as in LTE, evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA).

What is the interface between LTE and 5G gNB?

The ng-eNB connects 5G user equipment (UE) to 5G CN (Core Network) using 4G LTE air interface. As shown in the figure-1, UE (User Equipment) use 4G LTE radio resources to connect with ng-eNB. It provides E-UTRAN UP (User Plane) and CP (Control Plane) terminations towards UE. It connects with NG-Core via NG interface.

What is an interface? – Vision Campus

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What is F1 interface?

The F1 interface is the functional split of 3GPP between the CU (centralized unit: PDCP, RRC, SDAP) and the DU (distributed unit: RLC, MAC, PHY). It is standardized in TS 38.470 - 38.473 for 5G NR. Note that though there will be the V1 interface destined for LTE, OAI implements the F1 interface in the LTE modem.

What is Sdap in 5G?

SDAP is responsible for QoS Flow handling across the 5G air interface. In addition, SDAP will mark the transmitted packets with the correct QFI (QoS Flow ID), ensuring that the packet receives the correct forwarding treatment as it traverses the 5G System. ...

What is LTE interface?

Within an LTE network, LTE Interfaces connect the various components to or within the core. Interfaces allow the MME, SGW and PGW to cooperate with other network elements (e.g. HSS or PCRF). Each one of them is built in a standard way described by 3GPP.org.

What is X2 and S1 interface?

eNodeBs have two interfaces, the X2 interface permits eNodeBs to intercommunicate with each other directly, and the S1 interface permits communication with the "Packet Core". The X2 is the interconnecting interface between two eNodeBs in LTE network and supports both Control Plane and User Plane.

What is Oran and vRAN?

Open RAN/O-RAN (from O-RAN alliance) takes vRAN to the next level. While traditionally vRAN is a closed network, as RU, DU and CU, which are all part of the RAN must be bought from the same vendor. The O-RAN alliance is working on specifications to open the interface between RRU and DU and further between DU and CU.

What is S1 4G?

LTE S1-UP (user plane)

The S1 user plane external interface (S1-U) is defined between the LTE eNodeB and the LTE S-GW. The S1-U interface provides non guaranteed data delivery of LTE user plane Protocol Data Units (PDUs) between the eNodeB and the S-GW. Transport network layer is built on IP transport and GTP-U.

What is S11 interface?

S11 – This is the interface between the MME and S-GW in an LTE network. The interface is based on Gn/GTP-Control (GTP-C) (interface between SGSN-GGSN) with some additional functions for paging coordination, mobility compared to the legacy Gn/GTP-C (SGSN-GGSN) interface. S11 is a many-to-many interface.

What is difference between S1 and X2?

The X2 procedure is used to handover a UE from a source (H)eNB to a target (H)eNB for which the MME is unchanged. ... The S1 procedure is used by the source eNB to initiate a handover through the S1-MME interface, see [4]. This procedure may relocate the MME and/or the S-GW.

What is SMF and UPF?

The 5G Session Management Function (SMF) is a fundamental element of the 5G Service-Based Architecture (SBA). The SMF is primarily responsible for interacting with the decoupled data plane, creating updating and removing Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions and managing session context with the User Plane Function (UPF).

What is 5G UPF?

The User Plane Function (UPF) is a fundamental component of a 3GPP 5G core infrastructure system architecture. ... Deployed within a dynamic cloud native compute infrastructure, the User Plane Function delivers the packet processing foundation for Service Based Architectures (SBAs).

Who is secondary rat in 5G connectivity option 7?

ng- eNB : Connects to 5G Core but serves a 5G UE over 4G radio. "ng" refers to Next Generation. This relates to options 4, 5 and 7. There's dual connectivity in option 4 ( gNB is master, ng- eNB is secondary) and option 7 (ng- eNB is master, gNB is secondary).

What is LTE call flow?

With Long Term Evolution (LTE) comes a myriad of new and exciting attributes. One of these is the LTE call flow itself. In fact, call flow and signaling is unique for LTE, and is driven by 3GPP standards. Call flow is how signaling and sessions are created across an LTE network.

What is MME in telecom?

Mobility Management Entity (MME) plays an important role in LTE EPC architecture. In fact, MME is the main signaling node in the EPC. ... Multiple MMEs can be grouped together in a pool to meet increasing signaling load in the network. MME also plays a vital part in handover signaling between LTE and 2G/3G networks.

What is PDN in LTE?

The PDN GW is the point of interconnect between the EPC and the external IP networks. These networks are called PDN (Packet Data Network), hence the name. ... The PDN GW also performs various functions such as IP address / IP prefix allocation or policy control and charging.

Which interface introduces new protocol in 5g?

The NG user plane interface (NG-U) is defined between the NG-RAN node and the UPF. The transport network layer is built on IP transport and GTP-U is used on top of UDP/IP to carry the user plane PDUs between the NG-RAN node and the UPF.

What is S9 interface in LTE?

S9:- It provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging control information between the Home PCRF and the Visited PCRF in order to support local breakout function. S10:- Reference point between MMEs for MME relocation and MME to MME information transfer.

What is PDCP aggregation?

The basic principle of split bearer in DC is that one PDCP with two RLC entities. One RLC entity for each of LTE & NR and the RLC SDUs from both of these RLC entities will aggregate at PDCP layer. This is called PDCP aggregation.

What is QoS flow in 5G?

The QoS flow is the lowest level granularity within the 5G system and is where policy and charging are enforced. One or more Service Data Flows (SDFs) can be transported in the same QoS flow, if they share the same policy and charging rules (similar to an EPS bearer in 4G LTE).

What is RLC layer?

Radio link control (RLC) is a layer 2 Radio Link Protocol used in UMTS, LTE and 5G on the Air interface. This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.322 for UMTS, TS 36.322 for LTE and TS 38.322 for 5G New Radio (NR). RLC is located on top of the 3GPP MAC-layer and below the PDCP-layer.

What is 5G Midhaul?

Simply put, fronthaul connectivity comes into play when the RU is located separately from the DU. Midhaul connectivity describes the communication link between physically separated DUs and CUs. In both of these scenarios, ultra-high capacities of 10 Gbps and above are required.